被害人自我答责在刑事责任分配中的运用

Abstract

【中文摘要】主张被害人自我答责是一种“完全否定或者完全肯定”的判断，判定责任时只能将责任归属于行为人或者被害人一方，不存在同时归属责任的情况。在被害人心智健全的情况下，如果参与者对其意思形成的妨碍，从社会通念看来并不足以影响其自己我决定的，即使被害人遭受损害也不得归咎于参与者。保证义务原则上排除被害人自我答责的适用，但在特殊情况下，特定义务人如果出于促进被害人福祉的目的参与了被害人的自我危殆行为，从法益衡量、动机评判和参与形态上综合考虑，依然有适用被害人自我答责的余地。 【Abstract】The theory of self-culpability of the victim is the judgment that completely affirms or completely denies the responsibility of the victim，which means the responsibility of the injury either belongs to the offender or belongs to the victim， so that the theory excludes the possibility of "shared responsibility" between the offender and the victim. The injury will not be attributed to the participator， when the interference of the participator has little influence on the determination of the victim from the view of the society as a whole. Generally，self-culpability of the victim will not be available if the participator is the subject of the specific duty to guarantee the security of the victim， only if the participation of the guarantee in the self-endangering of the victim is on the behalf of the victim， judging from the legal interest of the victim， the motivation of the participator as well as the way of his participation， there is still an exception to exclude the culpability of the participator.