10种棕榈科植物的RAPD分析

Abstract

用RAPD法对厦门植物园引种栽培的4属10种棕榈科植物样本进行了基因组DNA多态性分析.从29个随机引物中筛选出9个有效引物共获得RAPD谱带558条,多态性谱带占71.32%.利用UPGMA法对10种棕榈科植物聚类分析,得其DNA的分子分类系统图.结果表明,棕榈属、琼棕属和鱼尾葵属聚类成一组,蒲葵属另成一组;棕榈属、琼棕属和蒲葵属中6种掌状叶型植物的平均遗传距离为0.47,羽状叶型的4种鱼尾葵属植物间的平均遗传距离为0.55;而羽状叶植物与掌状叶植物间的遗传距离达0.72.在同一属内,棕榈属内两种距离最近,蒲葵属两种最远.尽管分子分类结果与形态分类结果存在一定差异,但RAPD分子标记技术对棕榈等引种植物的分类鉴定和遗传多样性评价是有效可行的.Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used in analyzing the genetic distance of 10 species in 4 genera of Palmae, of which DNAs were extracted by the CTAB method. 9 effective primers from 29 arbitrary primers were used to amplify 558 DNA bands, of which polymorphic RAPD loci covered an average of 71.32%. A DNA molecular dendrogram based on UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the 10 species of palms can be divided into 2 main groups. Group A consisted of 8 species in 3 genera, which can also be divided into 3 subgroups. Group B included only two species of Livistona. The average genetic distance between 6 palmate palms was 0.47, while the 4 pinnate shared 0.55, but the distance between the 6 palmate and the 4 pinnate reached 0.72. In a same genus, Trachycarpus fortunei and T.nana shared the nearest genetic distance (0.23), while Livistona rotundifolia and L. chinensis shared the farthest (0.71). RAPD is valuable in solving problems in plant taxonomy and phylogeny, especially with introduced or cultivated materials. 